The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera

A Journey Through Time: Exploring the Sassi and Park of the Rupestrian Churches in Matera

Matera, a city carved into the ancient rock face, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a truly unique travel destination. Its most iconic feature are the Sassi, two ancient districts – Sasso Barisano and Sasso Caveoso – built on the slopes of a ravine.

This guide will delve into the history, culture, and attractions of Matera, providing you with all the information you need to plan an unforgettable journey through time.

I. The Sassi: A Glimpse into the Past

The Sassi are not simply houses; they are complex labyrinthine structures carved directly into the limestone cliffs. These cave dwellings, inhabited for centuries, offer a fascinating insight into the lives of Matera’s ancient inhabitants.

  • Origins:
    • The earliest traces of habitation in the Sassi date back to the Paleolithic era.
    • During the Middle Ages, the Sassi became home to a thriving community living in relative isolation.
    • Their unique construction provided natural insulation and protection from the elements.
  • Architecture:
    • The houses are interconnected through narrow alleys, stairways, and tunnels.
    • Each dwelling typically includes rooms carved into different levels of the rock face.
    • Windows were strategically placed to capture sunlight and views of the surrounding countryside.

II. Exploring the Sassi: What to See and Do:

  1. Casa Grotta di Vico Solitario: This historic cave dwelling has been meticulously restored and offers a glimpse into daily life in the Sassi.

  2. Chiesa di Santa Maria de Idris: A stunning example of Byzantine-Romanesque architecture, this church is carved directly into the rock face.

  3. Museo della Civiltà Contadina (Museum of Peasant Civilization): Explore artifacts and exhibits showcasing the traditions and agricultural practices of Matera’s rural population.

  4. Sasso Barisano: This district features charming shops, restaurants, and artisan workshops nestled within the winding alleys.

  5. Sasso Caveoso: Home to numerous rupestrian churches and ancient tombs, this Sasso offers a more secluded and contemplative atmosphere.

  6. Matera Cathedral: Located outside the Sassi, this majestic cathedral is a masterpiece of Romanesque architecture.

III. The Park of the Rupestrian Churches: A Spiritual Journey

Adjacent to the Sassi lies the Park of the Rupestrian Churches, a sprawling network of ancient cave churches adorned with remarkable frescoes. These sacred spaces offer a profound spiritual experience and showcase the artistic mastery of Matera’s early inhabitants.

  • Notable Churches:

    • Church of San Pietro Caveoso: Featuring intricate frescoes depicting scenes from the Bible, this church is considered one of the finest examples of Byzantine art in southern Italy.

    • Church of Santa Lucia alle Malve: Adorned with vibrant 14th-century frescoes, this church offers a captivating glimpse into the religious life of Matera’s medieval community.

    • Church of San Giovanni in Monterrone: Carved high on a cliff overlooking the city, this church boasts stunning panoramic views and a serene atmosphere.

IV. Planning Your Trip to Matera:

  • Best Time to Visit: Spring (April-May) and fall (September-October) offer pleasant weather for exploring the Sassi and Park of the Rupestrian Churches.

  • Getting There:

    • Matera is easily accessible by train from major Italian cities like Rome, Naples, and Bari.
    • The nearest airport is Bari Karol Wojtyla Airport, located approximately 65 kilometers (40 miles) away.

  • Accommodation:

Matera offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit all budgets, from charming cave hotels within the Sassi to modern hotels outside the city center.

  • Food and Drink:

Indulge in Matera’s traditional cuisine, known for its hearty dishes using local ingredients like olive oil, sheep’s cheese, and fresh vegetables. Be sure to try: * Crapiata: A flavorful soup made with chickpeas, pasta, and herbs. * Pane di Matera: A rustic bread baked in wood-fired ovens. * Local wine:

Matera produces excellent wines, including Aglianico del Vulture and Rosso del Vulture.

V. Beyond the Sassi:

While the Sassi are undoubtedly Matera’s main attraction, the city has much more to offer:

  • Museo Nazionale d’Arte Medievale e Moderna della Basilicata (National Museum of Medieval and Modern Art of Basilicata): Houses a rich collection of paintings, sculptures, and artifacts from the region.

  • Castello Tramontano: A 16th-century fortress offering panoramic views of Matera and its surrounding countryside.

  • Hiking Trails: Explore the stunning landscapes of the Murgia Timone, a vast plateau dotted with ancient settlements and natural beauty.

VI. Tips for Visiting the Sassi and Park of the Rupestrian Churches:

  • Wear comfortable shoes as you will be doing a lot of walking.

  • Bring water and snacks, especially if exploring the park during warmer months.

  • Book your accommodation in advance, especially during peak season.

  • Consider hiring a guide for a more immersive experience and deeper understanding of the history and culture of Matera.

Matera is a truly unique destination that offers an unforgettable journey through time. Its ancient Sassi, breathtaking rupestrian churches, and vibrant culture will leave you with lasting memories.